The History of the Invention of the Telegraph

When British officials wished to communicate between London and the naval base at Portsmouth in the early 1800s, they utilized a system called a semaphore chain. A series of towers built on high points of land held contraptions with shutters, and men working the shutters could flash signals from tower to tower. A semaphore message could be relayed the 85 miles between Portsmouth and London in about 15 minutes. Clever as the system was, it was really just an improvement on signal fires, which had been used since ancient times. There was a need for much faster communication. And by the middle of the century, Britain’s semaphore chain was obsolete. The Invention of the Telegraph An American professor, Samuel F.B. Morse, began experimenting with sending communications via electromagnetic signal in the early 1830s. In 1838 he was able to demonstrate the device by sending a message across two miles of wire in Morristown, New Jersey. Morse eventually received funds from Congress to install a line for demonstration between Washington, D.C., and Baltimore. After an abortive effort to bury wires, it was decided to hang them from poles, and wire was strung between the two cities. On May 24, 1844, Morse, stationed in the Supreme Court chambers, which were then in the US Capitol, sent a message to his assistant Alfred Vail in Baltimore. The famous first message: â€Å"What hath God wrought.† News Traveled Quickly After the Invention of the Telegraph The practical importance of the telegraph was obvious, and in 1846 a new business, the Associated Press, began using the rapidly spreading telegraph lines to send dispatches to newspaper offices. Election results were gathered via telegraph by the AP for the first time for the 1848 presidential election, won by Zachary Taylor. In the following year AP workers stationed in Halifax, Nova Scotia, begin intercepting news arriving on boats from Europe and telegraphing it to New York, where it could appear in print days before the boats reached New York harbor. Abraham Lincoln Was a Technological President By the time Abraham Lincoln became president the telegraph had become an accepted part of American life. Lincolns first State of the Union message was transmitted over the telegraph wires, as the New York Times reported on December 4, 1861:​ The message of President Lincoln was telegraphed yesterday to all parts of the loyal states. The message contained 7, 578 words, and was all received in this city in one hour and 32 minutes, a feat of telegraphing unparalleled in the Old or New World. Lincolns own fascination with the technology led him to spend many hours during the Civil War in the telegraph room of the War Department building near the White House. The young men who manned the telegraph equipment later recalled him sometimes staying overnight, awaiting messages from his military commanders. The president would generally write his messages in longhand, and telegraph operators would relay them, in military cipher, to the front. Some of Lincolns messages are examples of emphatic brevity, such as when he advised General Ulysses S. Grant, at City Point, Virginia in August 1864: â€Å"Hold on with a bulldog grip, and chew and choke as much as possible. A. Lincoln.† A Telegraph Cable Reached Under the Atlantic Ocean During the Civil War construction of telegraph lines to the west proceeded, and news from the distant territories could be sent to the eastern cities almost instantly. But the biggest challenge, which seemed utterly impossible, would be to lay a telegraph cable under the ocean from North America to Europe. In 1851 a functional telegraph cable had been laid across the English Channel. Not only could news travel between Paris and London, but the technological feat seemed to symbolize the peace between Britain and France just a few decades after the Napoleonic Wars. Soon telegraph companies began surveying the coast of Nova Scotia to prepare for laying cable. An American businessman, Cyrus Field, became involved in the plan to put a cable across the Atlantic in 1854. Field raised money from his wealthy neighbors in New York City’s Gramercy Park neighborhood, and a new company was formed, the New York, Newfoundland, and London Telegraph Company. In 1857, two ships chartered by Fields company began laying the 2,500 miles of cable, setting off from Irelands Dingle Peninsula. The initial effort soon failed, and another attempt was put off until the following year. Telegraph Messages Crossed the Ocean By Undersea Cable The effort to lay the cable in 1858 met with problems, but they were overcome and on August 5, 1858, Cyrus Field was able to send a message from Newfoundland to Ireland via the cable. On August 16 Queen Victoria sent a congratulatory message to President James Buchanan. Cyrus Field was treated as a hero upon arrival in New York City, but soon the cable went dead. Field resolved to perfect the cable, and by the end of the Civil War he was able to arrange more financing. An attempt to lay cable in 1865 failed when the cable snapped just 600 miles from Newfoundland. An improved cable was finally put in place in 1866. Messages were soon flowing between the United States and Europe. And the cable which snapped the previous year was located and repaired, so two functional cables were operating. The Telegraph Was Depicted In the Capitol Dome Constantino Brumidi, the Italian-born artist who was painting inside the newly expanded US Capitol, incorporated the transatlantic cable into two beautiful paintings. The artist was an optimist, as his lofty depictions were completed a few years before the cable was finally proven successful. In the oil painting Telegraph, Europe is portrayed as clasping hands with America while a cherub offers a telegraph wire. The spectacular fresco inside the top of the Capitols dome, Apotheosis of Washington has a panel titled Marine showing Venus helping to lay the transatlantic cable. In the Late 1800s Telegraph Wires Covered the World In the years following Fields success, underwater cables connected the Middle East with India, and Singapore with Australia. By the end of the 19th century, much of the globe was wired for communication.

The Controversy Of Medical Marijuana - 2376 Words

The topic of medical Marijuana brings much controversy when discussing amongst people that are for it or against it. Medical Marijuana has been the heated topic of discussion for the past few years now mainly for it’s medical benefits and the fight to decriminalize the herb. There have been many miracle stories that support the idea of legalizing it for its medicinal purposes. One story that brought much attention to the issue was how the strand, ‘Charlotte’s Webâ„ ¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, that is increasingly changing many people’s lives, became known. Realm of Caring, a 5o1c3 non-profit organization that has been formed to provide a better quality of life for residents of Colorado who are affected by Cancer, MS, HIV/AIDS, Epilepsy, Parkinson’s, as well as among many other debilitating conditions through the use of concentrated medicinal cannabis oil, is the first of its kind to provide persons who seek this form of alternative therapy and relief at a very low cost (Realm of Caring - About, n.d.). This organization gave Charlotte Figi, a six-year-old girl who is diagnosed with Dravet Syndrome, the chance at life again (Realm of Caring - Charlotte, n.d.). Dravet Syndrome is a form of catastrophic pediatric epilepsy. Charlotte experienced serious cognitive delays, brain damage, and had undergone surgery to have a feeding tube placed for food and water. She also had difficulty with walking and talking and must be cared for at all times. She would suffer from 300 tonic seizures per week,Show MoreRelatedThe Controversy of Medical Marijuana626 Words   |  2 PagesMarijuana, this plant brings up a lot of controversy. After the legalization of medical marijuana in California, it seems like the legalization is the biggest topic up for debate. Around the world, there are people are against it and many who strongly support the legalization. Personally, I am for the use of medical marijuana. There are more pro’s then con’s when it comes to using marijuana as a medicine. This brings up the question, are you for or against the use of medical marijuana? WhenRead MoreMedical Marijuana Legalization and Controversy2129 Words   |  9 PagesMedical Marijuana Legalization and Controversy Emily Gilbert COM/170 February 15, 2013 Dr. Mary Morriss University of Phoenix Medical Marijuana Legalization and Controversy Legalization of Marijuana has become a controversy in the United States. Medical marijuana has many benefits although recreational marijuana cannot yet be controlled. Many important medical improvements will be gained when marijuana is legal. 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Still, other studies have proven that there is not enoughRead MoreMarijuana Should Be Banned Marijuana944 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the history of agriculture, the marijuana plant, also known as cannabis or hemp has been extensively used as a source of medicine, fiber, and intoxicant. In the ancient folklore and writings of China and India, the earliest known descriptions of cannabis are evident. According to historians, marijuana was mostly used a ritual intoxicant and later on, it found significance in folk medicine. The practice of smoking of marijuana has only appeared recently. There has been a lot of literatureRead More The Many Benefits of Medicinal Marijuana Essay827 Words   |  4 PagesMedicinal Marijuana When the religious leaders of Nicholas Copernicus time excommunicated him for his radical studies, they ignorantly dismissed a brilliant idea. The idea that the earth revolved around the sun inherently brought controversy upon the traditional styles of science. 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The Ripken Way Essay Example For Students

The Ripken Way Essay The first book I read this summer was a non-fiction piece written by Cal Ripken Sr., called the Ripken Way. There are many ways in which mr. Ripken posseses qualitites that are very human: he was a normal person, just like anybody else, not just an extraordinary baseball player and manager; he was married to a wife and had four children. He was a hard worker, and through out the book he has an emphasis on working hard in life in order to be successful, and lastly, he was a very unique person, in many ways. First, when most people think of Cal Ripken, they think of one of the all time great baseball players, and he was that. But, he was also just an ordinary person, with a normal life. Like most other people, he was married to a wife, and also had four children. He was just not a ball player, he was a dedicated husband and father that did the best he could to raise his kids and teach them the correct way to do things, and teach them the lessons in life. He was a busy man, because of his baseball carear, he had lots of time taken away from his family as both a baseball player and as a manager. He took advantage of any time he got to spend time with his children. An example of this was when he was managing, and ran baseball clinics. He decided to take the difficult task of not only attending these baseball clinics, but also taking his children so he could be with them. As busy as he was, he took time out of his extremely busy life to get quality time with his family, this took much sacrif ice, but its a human traight, like any other man, not matter what he may be doing. Secondly, in the book, Cal explains how he brought up his children and enstilled the correct values inisde them in order to be successful (as well as instructing baseball players on how to improve their game while simaltaniously teaching life lessons that apply both on and off the baseball field). An example is his son, Cal Ripken jr., whom was brought up around the sport of baseball, and that was a huge advantage, but, he wasnt always the biggest athlete on the team. As a matter of fact, when he was a young high school student, he had a poor batting average, a weak arm, lacked in some basic skills, and wasnt too tall either. But, as he was raised by his father, he learned propper and neccessary life values in order to suceed in whatever he does. If his father taught him one thing, it would be to work hard and work at whatever your weak at over and over again (correctly; the right way). Cal had worked hard, the skills he lacked, he drilled correctly and repeatidly until he had got th e skills he needed. He worked out more, and bulked up, and, if he had any questions, he asked them and got all of his problems straightened out if anything had confused him. Eventually when he was a senior, he had the best batting average on the team, was one of the biggest players, and had developed all the skills he had needed from all of the hard work. Lastly, Cal was a unique person, in many ways. He was a loving father and husband, and also a tough person, who makes mistakes sometimes, like everybody else. He has done things that many other men would never do. Some things he has done werent the smartest things to do, but he felt was the right thing to do. One example that can describe this is how he reacts to getting hit by a baseball. Everybody knows (whether youre a player or not) that when youre batting, and a high speed fast ball is pitched at you, and hits you, it hurts. Cal, however, has a different view; even though he has been hit and has admitted its painful, he was ju st stick to his opinion, that the ball only weighs five-and-a-quater onces, how much can it hurt? Another display of this optimistic, tough attitude was on a winter day. His neighborhood was small, and snowplows didnt get to it that often, but every once in a while when it snowed hard, mr. Ripken would use a tracor that belonged to some person he used to do work for, and plow. When the tractor stalled, he did something that he knew shouldnt be done, but it was neccessary to get the tractor started again, but, it ended up in him getting what appeared to be a serious cut in the middle of his forhead. Instead of going to the hospital, which his children were driving him to, he got out of the vehicle at his house, and bandeged himself up and was tough enough to heal on his own, rather than going to the hospital. .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5 , .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5 .postImageUrl , .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5 , .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5:hover , .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5:visited , .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5:active { border:0!important; } .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5:active , .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5 .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u11942f10b39f19e5dca09150b9d1bef5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Necklace Compared to The Star EssayIn conlusion, Cal Ripken was a very tough man, and also a very hard worker, which was why he was so successful. In his book, working hard and not giving up is stressed a lot of times, because hard work is what got him where he is today. There were man lessons learned from reading this book, not only for baseball, but for life as well. Bibliography:The Ripken WayCal Ripken

Movies The Comedy Genre Essay Example

Movies The Comedy Genre Essay My phenomenon that I have chosen was comedy in films. This phenomenon belong to art but not in painting or sculptures but in movie which is multiple shot of a picture to create an amination which is the system of shooting progressive drawings or positions of manikins or models to make a dream of development when the motion picture is appeared as an arrangement. In 1890s, when movie cameras were developed and film generation organizations began to be set up. As a consequence of the purposes of restriction of advancement, motion pictures of the 1890s were under a minute long and until 1927 movies were made without sound. The essential decade of motion picture saw film moving from a peculiarity to a set up sweeping scale fervor industry. The movies turned into a few minutes in length comprising of a few shots. The principal pivoting camera for taking panning shots was implicit 1897. The principal film studios were inherent 1897.Enhancements were presented and film congruity, including activity moving from one grouping into another star. My reason is because motivation behind why individuals watch parody motion pictures is on the grounds that they need to be entertained. Beneficiaries like to do be entertained on the grounds that they need to unwind and attempt to escape from reality. Many people have a distressing life, and they need time to rest and to quiet down. Thus, they attempt to escape from their rushed life by viewing entertaining stories. For example, a focused on specialist can feel better while and in the wake of viewing a comical film e.g. the Simpsons Movie in light of the fact that the substance is straightforward and interesting. Also because I wanted to know why comedy movies are so popular to watch. We will write a custom essay sample on Movies The Comedy Genre specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Movies The Comedy Genre specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Movies The Comedy Genre specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Comedy film tells us that there are several type of style of comedy. And when the comedy films were made it kept evolving and adjusted with the time. In comedy films the many Genre. For example you have Slapstick which wa